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133
externals/fmt/doc/syntax.rst
vendored
133
externals/fmt/doc/syntax.rst
vendored
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@ -76,19 +76,19 @@ The general form of a *standard format specifier* is:
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.. productionlist:: sf
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format_spec: [[`fill`]`align`][`sign`]["#"]["0"][`width`]["." `precision`][`type`]
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fill: <a character other than '{', '}' or '\0'>
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align: "<" | ">" | "=" | "^"
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fill: <a character other than '{' or '}'>
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align: "<" | ">" | "^"
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sign: "+" | "-" | " "
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width: `integer` | "{" `arg_id` "}"
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precision: `integer` | "{" `arg_id` "}"
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type: `int_type` | "a" | "A" | "c" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "p" | "s"
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int_type: "b" | "B" | "d" | "n" | "o" | "x" | "X"
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type: `int_type` | "a" | "A" | "c" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "L" | "p" | "s"
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int_type: "b" | "B" | "d" | "o" | "x" | "X"
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The *fill* character can be any character other than '{', '}' or '\\0'. The
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presence of a fill character is signaled by the character following it, which
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must be one of the alignment options. If the second character of *format_spec*
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is not a valid alignment option, then it is assumed that both the fill character
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and the alignment option are absent.
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The *fill* character can be any Unicode code point other than ``'{'`` or
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``'}'``. The presence of a fill character is signaled by the character following
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it, which must be one of the alignment options. If the second character of
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*format_spec* is not a valid alignment option, then it is assumed that both the
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fill character and the alignment option are absent.
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The meaning of the various alignment options is as follows:
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@ -101,11 +101,6 @@ The meaning of the various alignment options is as follows:
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| ``'>'`` | Forces the field to be right-aligned within the |
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| | available space (this is the default for numbers). |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| ``'='`` | Forces the padding to be placed after the sign (if any) |
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| | but before the digits. This is used for printing fields |
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| | in the form '+000000120'. This alignment option is only |
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| | valid for numeric types. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| ``'^'`` | Forces the field to be centered within the available |
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| | space. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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@ -148,15 +143,17 @@ conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.
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.. ifconfig:: False
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The ``','`` option signals the use of a comma for a thousands separator.
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For a locale aware separator, use the ``'n'`` integer presentation type
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For a locale aware separator, use the ``'L'`` integer presentation type
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instead.
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*width* is a decimal integer defining the minimum field width. If not
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specified, then the field width will be determined by the content.
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Preceding the *width* field by a zero (``'0'``) character enables
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sign-aware zero-padding for numeric types. This is equivalent to a *fill*
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character of ``'0'`` with an *alignment* type of ``'='``.
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Preceding the *width* field by a zero (``'0'``) character enables sign-aware
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zero-padding for numeric types. It forces the padding to be placed after the
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sign or base (if any) but before the digits. This is used for printing fields in
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the form '+000000120'. This option is only valid for numeric types and it has no
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effect on formatting of infinity and NaN.
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The *precision* is a decimal number indicating how many digits should be
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displayed after the decimal point for a floating-point value formatted with
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@ -217,9 +214,9 @@ The available integer presentation types are:
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| | ``'#'`` option with this type adds the prefix ``"0X"`` |
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| | to the output value. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| ``'n'`` | Number. This is the same as ``'d'``, except that it uses |
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| | the current locale setting to insert the appropriate |
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| | number separator characters. |
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| ``'L'`` | Locale-specific format. This is the same as ``'d'``, |
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| | except that it uses the current locale setting to insert |
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| | the appropriate number separator characters. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| none | The same as ``'d'``. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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@ -244,7 +241,7 @@ The available presentation types for floating-point values are:
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| | notation using the letter 'e' to indicate the exponent. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| ``'E'`` | Exponent notation. Same as ``'e'`` except it uses an |
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| | upper-case 'E' as the separator character. |
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| | upper-case ``'E'`` as the separator character. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| ``'f'`` | Fixed point. Displays the number as a fixed-point |
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| | number. |
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@ -264,10 +261,15 @@ The available presentation types for floating-point values are:
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| | ``'E'`` if the number gets too large. The |
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| | representations of infinity and NaN are uppercased, too. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| none | The same as ``'g'``. |
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| ``'L'`` | Locale-specific format. This is the same as ``'g'``, |
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| | except that it uses the current locale setting to insert |
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| | the appropriate number separator characters. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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| none | Similar to ``'g'``, except that fixed-point notation, |
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| | when used, has at least one digit past the decimal |
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| | point. The default precision is as high as needed to |
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| | represent the particular value. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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Floating-point formatting is locale-dependent.
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.. ifconfig:: False
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@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ The available presentation types for pointers are:
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.. _formatexamples:
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Format examples
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Format Examples
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===============
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This section contains examples of the format syntax and comparison with
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@ -318,72 +320,94 @@ following examples.
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Accessing arguments by position::
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format("{0}, {1}, {2}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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fmt::format("{0}, {1}, {2}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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// Result: "a, b, c"
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format("{}, {}, {}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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fmt::format("{}, {}, {}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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// Result: "a, b, c"
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format("{2}, {1}, {0}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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fmt::format("{2}, {1}, {0}", 'a', 'b', 'c');
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// Result: "c, b, a"
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format("{0}{1}{0}", "abra", "cad"); // arguments' indices can be repeated
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fmt::format("{0}{1}{0}", "abra", "cad"); // arguments' indices can be repeated
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// Result: "abracadabra"
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Aligning the text and specifying a width::
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format("{:<30}", "left aligned");
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fmt::format("{:<30}", "left aligned");
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// Result: "left aligned "
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format("{:>30}", "right aligned");
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fmt::format("{:>30}", "right aligned");
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// Result: " right aligned"
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format("{:^30}", "centered");
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fmt::format("{:^30}", "centered");
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// Result: " centered "
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format("{:*^30}", "centered"); // use '*' as a fill char
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fmt::format("{:*^30}", "centered"); // use '*' as a fill char
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// Result: "***********centered***********"
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Dynamic width::
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format("{:<{}}", "left aligned", 30);
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fmt::format("{:<{}}", "left aligned", 30);
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// Result: "left aligned "
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Dynamic precision::
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format("{:.{}f}", 3.14, 1);
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fmt::format("{:.{}f}", 3.14, 1);
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// Result: "3.1"
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Replacing ``%+f``, ``%-f``, and ``% f`` and specifying a sign::
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format("{:+f}; {:+f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show it always
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fmt::format("{:+f}; {:+f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show it always
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// Result: "+3.140000; -3.140000"
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format("{: f}; {: f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show a space for positive numbers
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fmt::format("{: f}; {: f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show a space for positive numbers
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// Result: " 3.140000; -3.140000"
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format("{:-f}; {:-f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'
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fmt::format("{:-f}; {:-f}", 3.14, -3.14); // show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'
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// Result: "3.140000; -3.140000"
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Replacing ``%x`` and ``%o`` and converting the value to different bases::
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format("int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}", 42);
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fmt::format("int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}", 42);
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// Result: "int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010"
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// with 0x or 0 or 0b as prefix:
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format("int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}", 42);
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fmt::format("int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}", 42);
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// Result: "int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 052; bin: 0b101010"
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Padded hex byte with prefix and always prints both hex characters::
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format("{:#04x}", 0);
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fmt::format("{:#04x}", 0);
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// Result: "0x00"
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Box drawing using Unicode fill::
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fmt::print(
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"┌{0:─^{2}}┐\n"
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"│{1: ^{2}}│\n"
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"└{0:─^{2}}┘\n", "", "Hello, world!", 20);
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prints::
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┌────────────────────┐
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│ Hello, world! │
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└────────────────────┘
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Using type-specific formatting::
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#include <fmt/chrono.h>
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auto t = tm();
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t.tm_year = 2010 - 1900;
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t.tm_mon = 6;
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t.tm_mday = 4;
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t.tm_hour = 12;
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t.tm_min = 15;
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t.tm_sec = 58;
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fmt::print("{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}", t);
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// Prints: 2010-08-04 12:15:58
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Using the comma as a thousands separator::
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#include <fmt/locale.h>
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auto s = fmt::format(std::locale("en_US.UTF-8"), "{:L}", 1234567890);
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// s == "1,234,567,890"
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.. ifconfig:: False
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Using the comma as a thousands separator::
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format("{:,}", 1234567890);
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'1,234,567,890'
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Using type-specific formatting::
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>>> import datetime
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>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)
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Format("{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}") << d)
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'2010-07-04 12:15:58'
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Nesting arguments and more complex examples::
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>>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):
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@ -412,4 +436,3 @@ Padded hex byte with prefix and always prints both hex characters::
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9 9 11 1001
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10 A 12 1010
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11 B 13 1011
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